Articles
Cheap Grace
I just finished re-reading the best-selling biography, Bonhoeffer: Pastor, Martyr, Prophet, Spy by Eric Metaxas. Dietrich Bonhoeffer was a German Lutheran theologian who was part of a plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler during the late stages of WWII. After the attempt failed, Bonhoeffer was arrested in April 1943 by the Gestapo and executed by hanging (with piano wire instead of rope!) on April 9, 1945, only 23 days before Germany’s surrender. Just a little over two weeks later, Hitler was dead by his own hand, and the concentration camp where Bonhoeffer had been executed was liberated by units of the American infantry.
Long before his death, Bonhoeffer was widely known and respected throughout the world as an author, and for his efforts to reform the German Lutheran church. His most influential work, first published in 1937, was a book entitled Discipleship (
“Cheap grace is preaching forgiveness without requiring repentance, baptism without church discipline, communion without confession … Cheap grace is grace without discipleship, grace without the cross, grace without Jesus Christ, living and incarnate … Cheap grace is the deadly enemy of our Church. We are fighting today for costly grace.”
According to Bonhoeffer, “cheap grace” is an attempt to get all of the benefits of God’s grace without any of the costs involved. Where scripture sees true grace as the provision of God that makes up for our failure after we have done all we could to follow Him, Bonhoeffer argued that the carnal minded “Christians” had used it to excuse them from expending much effort at all.
In contrast to this, Bonhoeffer called on followers of Christ to live a life that demonstrated what he called Costly Grace. Costly grace, Bonhoeffer believed, was a willingness to accept Christ as both Lord and Savior. He wrote, “That is, we are saved, not by anything we do, but by grace. Yet if we have truly understood and believed the gospel, it will change what we do and how we live … Costly grace changes you from the inside out. Neither law nor cheap grace can do that.”
A similar debate in the religious world regarding “cheap grace” erupted in the 1980s and 1990s over what came to be called Lordship Salvation. The issue came to the forefront when respected author and theologian John MacArthur objected to a teaching that was becoming popular in evangelical circles which he called Carnal Christianity. He wrote about the problem in a book entitled Ashamed of the Gospel: When the Church Becomes Like the World (first published in 1993).
Carnal Christianity is essentially the view that as long as one makes a profession of faith in Christ, he is saved (cf. Romans 10:9), even if he is not immediately (or even subsequently) obedient to the commands of Jesus and the Apostles to live a life of holiness. It is the idea that one can have Jesus as Savior, but not necessarily as Lord. People who advocate Carnal Christianity, or “free grace” as it was called, did not deny the necessity of good works (i.e., holy living), but they distinguished the call for salvation from the call to sanctification (or obedient discipleship).
Bonhoeffer battled this problem in the 1930s, MacArthur challenged it in the 1980s and 90s, and the controversy continues to rage throughout much of the denominational world today. It is a battle that we are called upon to wage from time to time in the Lord’s body as well. I have become concerned lately by the growing number of Christians who are, I believe, openly advocating “cheap grace.” For example:
- “Being a Christian is not about obedience. It is about being in a relationship with Jesus, being like Jesus!”
- “In the Old Testament God was concerned with obedience to law – in the New Testament it is not about ‘law,’ it is about grace!”
- “God doesn’t care what we do – He only cares about who we are!”
- “God’s grace will take care of (i.e., overlook) even the sins of those who are in a relationship with Jesus!”
I could multiply statements like those many times over. There are without question some brethren who are promoting the concept of “cheap grace.” They desperately want Jesus to be their Savior, but they do not want to admit that He is also their Lord.
In his book, Now for Something Totally Different, written in 1978, Stuart Briscoe shared his observations about why many so-called religious people seem to have difficulty with accepting Jesus as both Savior and Lord:
“Our modern day is seeing a startling reaction against authority, an intense distaste for obedience … This kind of thinking can result in what the writer of Judges described: ‘In those days there was no King in Israel, but every man did that which was right in his own eyes’ (Judges 17:6) … Obedience is lacking on the family level, in the political realm, on the educational scene, even in the sports arena. And in the church, we have a similar situation. People in our churches who profess that God is God and Jesus Christ, the risen Lord, is his Son are also reacting against his authority.”
Briscoe’s warning from some 34 years ago is still very much needed today, and not just in the denominational world. That attitude – a desire for “cheap grace” – is becoming more prominent among us as well.
Jesus warned, however, “Not everyone who says to me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but he who does the will of my Father who is in heaven will enter” (Matthew 7:21). The New Testament uses the word for Lord (Kurios) some 748 times, and 667 of those times it is used in reference to God or Jesus (e.g., “Jesus Christ our Lord,” Romans 1:4). In contrast, the New Testament uses the word for Savior (Soter) only 24 times. It seems clear that there should be at least as much emphasis in our teaching and practice on Jesus Christ as Lord as we place on His role as our Savior. This is not meant at all to downplay in any way the saving work of Jesus Christ on the cross. What a glorious and gracious provision God has made for His people in providing Jesus Christ as our atoning sacrifice, guaranteeing salvation and eternal life for those who believe in Him and obey Him. Jesus Christ is most certainly our Savior. But we cannot and must not ignore the fact that Jesus Christ is Lord; and as Lord, He commands and we obey.
Remembering the title of Bonhoeffer’s book, The Cost of Discipleship, look at what Jesus said to His followers about discipleship in Luke 14:25-33. Two conditions are given by Jesus in order to be His disciple. The first is to be willing to renounce your family in order to follow Jesus. The second is to be willing to die — both literally and metaphorically (“die to self”) — in order to follow Jesus. Jesus then gives two examples of “counting the cost.” The first is of a man who desires to build a tower without first counting the cost. After realizing he cannot complete it, he gives up in shame and embarrassment. The second is that of a king preparing to go to battle and making sure he can defend against the superior foe. The point Jesus is making is that discipleship has a cost.
Furthermore, discipleship requires repentance and obedience. At the beginning of Jesus’ ministry, the message He preached was a message of repentance (Matthew 4:17). The message of the Apostles after Jesus’ resurrection and ascension was also one of repentance (Acts 2:38). Along with repentance comes obedience. Jesus told a crowd of listeners that salvation and obedience go hand in hand: “Why do you call me ‘Lord, Lord,’ and do not do what I say?” (Luke 6:46). He then goes on to distinguish between the one who builds his house on the sand and the one who builds his house on the rock. The one who builds on the rock is the one who not only hears the words of Jesus but does them too.
Cheap Grace seeks to hide the cost of discipleship from people. Its claim is that as long as one makes a profession of faith, he is saved. It is amazingly true that God’s grace, when properly applied, covers all our sins. That is a wonderful truth! It is imperative that we understand, however, that salvation by grace through faith is so much more than the emotional “high” one gets by merely mouthing the words, “I love Jesus!” We are not saved by a simple profession of faith. We are not saved by praying the Sinner’s Prayer. We are not saved by signing a card or by walking down an aisle. We are saved by a living and active faith (James 2:14-26). It is a faith that manifests itself in repentance, obedience, and love of God and our neighbor. Salvation is not a transaction, it is a transformation. Paul says it best when he says we are a “new creature” (“creation,” ESV) in Christ (2 Cor. 5:17).
There is nothing “cheap” about grace!
